What can be a result of inadequate energy in livestock?

Inadequate energy in livestock can lead to reduced reproductive performance for several reasons. Energy is a crucial component in maintaining the overall health and functionality of the reproductive system. When animals do not consume enough energy, their bodies may redirect available resources to essential functions such as maintenance and survival, which can result in impaired reproductive health.

For example, inadequate energy can lead to delayed estrus in females, lower conception rates, and overall decreased fertility. In breeding males, low energy intake can affect libido and sperm production. Consequently, reducing energy intake has direct adverse effects on reproductive efficiency, ultimately impacting overall herd productivity and profitability.

The other options do not align correctly with the effects of inadequate energy. Weight gain and stronger immune response typically require sufficient energy; improved feed conversion ratios are usually associated with optimal energy intake; and better skeletal development is also linked to appropriate levels of energy and nutrients, which are essential for growth and development. Thus, inadequate energy primarily affects reproductive performance.